2. Signaling Pathways
  3. MAPK/ERK Pathway
  4. p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

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The p38 MAPK family consists of highly conserved proline-directed serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated in response to a number many growth factors, cytokines, and chemotactic substances, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), PDGF, TNF, interleukins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). It is well known that p38 is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell differentiation.

The p38 MAPK family is composed of four proteins: p38α (encoded by the gene Mapk14), p38β (Mapk11), p38γ (Mapk12), and p38δ (Mapk13). Their coding genes have a distinct tissue distribution and they appear differentially expressed, being Mapk14 the most highly expressed. p38 MAPKs are substrates for three MAP2K (MKK6, MKK3, and MKK4). The contribution of each of these MAP2K to p38 MAPKs activation depends on the stimulus and the cell type. The MAP3Ks that lead to p38 MAPKs activation are ASK1, DLK1, TAK1, TAO1, TAO2, TPL2, MLK3, MEKK3, MEKK4, and ZAK1.

p38 MAPK Isoform Specific Products:

p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-108642B
    AMG-548 dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    AMG-548 dihydrochloride, an orally active and selective p38α inhibitor (Ki=0.5 nM), shows slightly selective over p38β (Ki=36 nM) and >1000 fold selective against p38γ and p38δ. AMG-548 dihydrochloride is also extremely potent in the inhibition of whole blood LPS stimulated TNFα (IC50=3 nM). AMG-548 dihydrochloride inhibits Wnt signaling by directly inhibiting Casein kinase 1 isoforms δ and ε.
    AMG-548 dihydrochloride
  • HY-P1181A
    Pam2CSK4 TFA
    		Activator 99.46%
    Pam2CSK4 TFA is a TLR2 agonist. Pam2CSK4 TFA induces the expression of iNOS and NO in macrophage cell lines via TBK1 and MyD88 molecules. Pam2CSK4 TFA activates the NF-κB and Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in platelets, and promotes platelet-endothelial cell interactions. TLR2 activation triggered by Pam2CSK4 TFA expands myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppresses anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Pam2CSK4 TFA acts as a Th2-polarizing adjuvant in mouse vaccine models against Leishmania major and Brugia malayi. Pam2CSK4 TFA can be used in the research of various diseases, including thromboinflammatory diseases, sepsis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, influenza, lymphoma, melanoma, cutaneous leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis.
    Pam2CSK4 TFA
  • HY-N1500
    Pulegone
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Pulegone is a monoterpene ketone compound widely present in the essential oils of many plants. Pulegone can also be used as a bird repellent. Pulegone has multiple activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-hyperalgesic effects. Pulegone is particularly effective against bacteria of the Salmonella species.
    Pulegone
  • HY-N7922
    Urolithin M5
    Urolithin M5 (Decarboxyellagic acid) is an orally active influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor and neuroprotective agent, with IC50 values of 174.8 μM (HK68), 191.5 μM (pdm09), 243.2 μM (WSN) and 257.1 μM (PR8) against four influenza virus neuraminidases, respectively. Urolithin M5 inhibits viral neuraminidase activity, thereby blocking influenza virus replication (including oseltamivir (HY-13317)-resistant strains), protecting infected mammals from death and improving pulmonary edema. Urolithin M5 forms a hydrogen-bond stabilized complex with IGF1R, and binds to MAPK14, AKT1, NFKB1 and EGFR. Urolithin M5 reduces reactive oxygen species production, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, restores mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and promotes neurite outgrowth of damaged neuronal cells. Urolithin M5 can be used in research related to influenza virus infection and Alzheimer's disease.
    Urolithin M5
  • HY-N1419
    Vaccarin
    		Inhibitor 99.05%
    Vaccarin is an orally active flavonoid glycoside with multiple biological functions. Vaccarin promotes neovascularization by activating AKT and ERK. Vaccarin activates the AMPK signaling pathway to improve insulin resistance and steatosis. Vaccarin is a MAPK, NF-κB, and NFAT inhibitor, effectively blocking RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
    Vaccarin
  • HY-N0493
    Pectolinarigenin
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Pectolinarigenin is an orally active dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and neuroprotective activities. Pectolinarigenin exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on astrocyte inflammation via the NFκB and MAPK pathways. Pectolinarigenin inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, N-FκB and p38MAPK, directly inhibits the enzymatic activity or binding of COX-2, 5-LOX and HIF-1α, and reduces the level of XIAP. Pectolinarigenin modifies Keap1 to promote nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, induces ARE-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression, and possesses direct free radical scavenging activity. Pectolinarigenin reduces the release of NO, proinflammatory mediators and leukotrienes, and increases the level of IL-10. Pectolinarigenin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis (Apoptosis) and autophagy (Autophagy) via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Pectolinarigenin reduces renal crystal deposition and inhibits melanin synthesis. Pectolinarigenin inhibits inflammation and alleviates allergy in mouse models of inflammation. Pectolinarigenin alleviates renal injury, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice by inhibiting HIF-1α activity. Pectolinarigenin can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory/allergic diseases, calcium oxalate nephrocalcinosis, gastric cancer, melasma, post-inflammatory diseases and chloasma.
    Pectolinarigenin
  • HY-10406
    Talmapimod
    		Inhibitor 98.68%
    Talmapimod (SCIO-469) is an orally active and selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK with an IC50 of 9 nM. Talmapimod inhibits the secretion of inflammatory factors (such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF) by suppressing the p38α MAPK pathway, and it also inhibits angiogenesis and osteoclast activation. Talmapimod inhibits the growth of multiple myeloma cells and induces apoptosis. Talmapimod can be used to study various hematological malignancies (such as multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome).
    Talmapimod
  • HY-N0481
    Roburic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Roburic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, with a Ki of 7.066 μM against human TNF, an IC50 of 9 μM against human COX-2, and an IC50 of 5 μM against ovine COX-1. Roburic acid reduces the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and IL-6 in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK (p38/JNK) pathways. By competitively inhibiting the TNF-TNF-R1 interaction, Roburic acid blocks the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Roburic acid specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the RANKL/TRAF6/NF-κB/NFATc1 axis. Roburic acid can be used in research related to osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis, colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases.
    Roburic acid
  • HY-N2393
    Kukoamine B
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Kukoamine B, a spermine alkaloid, is a potent dual LPS and CpG DNA inhibitor with Kd values of 1.23 µM and 0.66 µM, respectively. Kukoamine B exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-osteoporotic and neuroprotective effects. Kukoamine B has the potential for the study of sepsis.
    Kukoamine B
  • HY-N0841
    Bruceine A
    		Activator 99.89%
    Bruceine A (Dihydrobrusatol) is a natural quassinoid. Bruceine A is an inhibitor of parasites, NF-κB, and PFKFB4 (Kd: 44 nM). Bruceine A is an activator of P38α MAPK. Bruceine A has antiparasitic activity. Bruceine A has antitumor activity and inhibits cancer cell migration. Bruceine A blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. Bruceine A can be used in parasites, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer research.
    Bruceine A
  • HY-10456
    TAK-715
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    TAK-715 is an orally active and potent p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 7.1 nM, 200 nM for p38α and p38β, respectively. TAK-715 inhibits casein kinase I (CK1δ/ε) to regulate activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. TAK-715 shows good significant efficacy in a rat arthritis model.
    TAK-715
  • HY-A0129
    Histamine phosphate
    		Activator 99.34%
    Histamine phosphate is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine phosphate is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine phosphate affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine phosphate can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine phosphate
  • HY-N0762
    Isobavachin
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Isobavachin is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-penetrating prenylated flavonoid present in Psoralea corylifolia. Isobavachin inhibits human CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7. Isobavachin suppresses MAPK activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, overexpression of iNOS/COX-2, FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Isobavachin induces autophagy, cytotoxicity, neuronal differentiation, and NRF2 activation; it alleviates oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, iron accumulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mast cell degranulation. Isobavachin is applicable to research related to liver injury, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, liver cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, periodontitis-induced bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease.
    Isobavachin
  • HY-115062
    MJ33 lithium salt
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    MJ-33 lithium salt is a competitive phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. MJ-33 lithium salt inhibits NOX2 activation and reduces ROS production by blocking the PLA2 activity of Prdx6. MJ-33 lithium salt effectively inhibits the activity of acidic PLA2 (pH 4.0) and reduces the degradation of alveolar surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC), but exerts no effect on alkaline PLA2 (pH 8.5). MJ-33 lithium salt significantly alleviates lung oxidative injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). MJ-33 lithium salt significantly inhibits the invasion, migration and adhesion abilities of prostate cancer cells by suppressing the MAPK, AKT, NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. MJ-33 lithium salt can be used for the research of ROS-related diseases and prostate cancer.
    MJ33 lithium salt
  • HY-100618
    Hispidin
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Hispidin, a PKC inhibitor and a phenolic compound can be found in Phellinus linteus, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties.
    Hispidin
  • HY-N1365
    Isoscopoletin
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Isoscopoletin (6-Hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin) is an active constituent in Artemisia argyi leaves. Isoscopoletin shows substantial inhibition against cell proliferation, with IC50s of 4.0 μM and 1.6 μM for human CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells and multidrug resistant subline CEM/ADR5000, respectively. Isoscopoletin (6-Hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin) possesses inhibitory activity against HBV replication. Isoscopoletin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB/STAT/AKT signaling pathway.
    Isoscopoletin
  • HY-W009274
    N-Acetylmuramic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    N-acetylmuramic acid is a component of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, essential for maintaining cell shape and integrity. N-acetylmuramic acid inhibits spore germination by inhibiting a coat-associated hexosaminidase and a core enzyme. N-acetylmuramic acid is required by Bacteroides forsythus for proliferation and the maintenance of its cell shape. N-Acetylmuramic acid inhibits the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. N-Acetylmuramic acid is orally active.
    N-Acetylmuramic acid
  • HY-17015
    Peramivir trihydrate
    		98.30%
    Peramivir trihydrate (RWJ-270201 trihydrate) is a highly potent, selective and orally active influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 4.3 nM for nine NA subtypes.
    Peramivir trihydrate
  • HY-N0592A
    Demethyleneberberine chloride
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    Demethyleneberberine chloride is a blood-brain barrier-permeable antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine chloride exerts antioxidant effects by targeting mitochondria, activates the AMPK signaling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibits inflammation-related pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK. Demethyleneberberine chloride can be used in the research of inflammatory and other diseases.
    Demethyleneberberine chloride
  • HY-N8211
    Gypenoside L
    		Activator 99.89%
    Gypenoside L is a saponin that can be found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside L increases the SA-β-galactosidase activity, promotes the production of senescence-associated secretory cytokines. Gypenoside L also can activate p38 and ERK MAPK pathways and NF-κB pathway to induce senescence. Gypenoside L exhibits anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Gypenoside L
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison

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